Bipolar disorder: illness requires continuous monitoring and emotional support

Know the signs, the importance of diagnosis and how family support can transform lives

The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that bipolar disorder affects 140 million people worldwide. In Brazil, the disease affects 2.5% of the population, and symptoms almost always appear before the age of 30. Celebrities such as Brazilian singer Lucas Lucco and American singer Demi Lovato have been diagnosed with the disorder and have spoken publicly about it. According to doctor Fernanda Rizzo (CRM-ES 15.099 and RQE 11.882), a postgraduate in Psychiatry, many people still associate bipolar disorder with simple mood swings — such as having good and bad days. However, it is a mental health condition characterized by intense and long-lasting episodes of depression and euphoria (mania or hypomania). These episodes can significantly interfere with the patient's routine, personal relationships and professional life. In addition, she points out that the disorder has an important genetic component. However, environmental and lifestyle factors — such as trauma, high levels of stress, disrupted sleep, and substance use — also influence its development.

According to the doctor, mania is marked by extreme euphoria, impulsiveness, agitation, accelerated thinking and, in some cases, delusions of grandiosity. Hypomania is a milder version, as the person may appear more productive, sociable and self-confident than normal, without completely losing touch with reality. "Although it may seem positive, hypomania also represents an imbalance and can lead to risky behavior. It often goes unnoticed until a serious depressive episode follows," she warns.

Differences between bipolar disorder and normal mood swings

Unlike natural mood swings, bipolar episodes last for days or even weeks and directly impact the person's life. The specialist explains that during the manic phase, for example, impulsive behaviors may occur, such as excessive spending, rapid speech, drastic reduction in sleep and a feeling of invincibility. "In the depressive phase, isolation, apathy and even suicidal thoughts are common," she explains.

Dr. Fernanda Rizzo - Photo disclosure

Treatment

Rizzo comments that the treatment of bipolar disorder includes the use of mood stabilizers, psychotherapy, and special attention to sleep and routine. She points out that, with adequate monitoring, it is perfectly possible to achieve stability and quality of life.

The role of family and friends

The specialist emphasizes that supporting someone with bipolar disorder requires empathy, acceptance and understanding, and that it is essential to encourage ongoing treatment and avoid judgments. "Bipolar disorder is not laziness, exaggeration or temporary emotional instability. It is a medical condition that requires care. With adequate support, it is possible to live well with the diagnosis," she concludes.