GLP-1 receptor agonists carry risks

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist medications, commonly prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes, have become popular among those seeking weight loss, but their use can be counterproductive without the guidance of a specialist.

Although these drugs have significant benefits in several areas, there is a possibility of side effects, which the physician must weigh when prescribing medications based on the patient's needs.

In countries like the United States, the use of GLP-1 has increased for weight loss; public figures such as Kim Kardashian, Oprah Winfrey, Elon Musk, Tracy Morgan, and Travis Scott have been associated with or have openly spoken about using this drug for weight loss, which has made it popular.

However, like any medication, it must be prescribed by a healthcare professional, who must supervise the treatment.

Dietetics and Nutrition graduate Ina Alejandra Beristain Navarrete explains that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of obesity.

"These drugs mimic the action of the incretin hormone in the body, which helps not only control blood glucose levels but also promotes weight loss."

He explains that the hormone GLP-1 plays important physiological roles: it stimulates insulin secretion, reduces glucagon production, and slows gastric emptying, which contributes to an increased feeling of satiety.

"Thanks to these mechanisms, GLP-1 drugs improve glycemic control and facilitate weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity, constituting an effective strategy for addressing complex metabolic diseases."

"Furthermore, GLP-1s are involved in improving cardiovascular function by producing coronary vasodilation. At the central nervous system level, they stimulate the satiety center, helping to reduce food and fluid intake."

“In the gastrointestinal tract, they slow gastric emptying and decrease acid secretion.”

Due to these endocrinological benefits, GLP-1 agonists are prescribed to people with a medical diagnosis of obesity or overweight, especially those who also have type 2 diabetes mellitus.

However, its use is not without adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, factors that could lead to acute kidney injury due to dehydration. Constipation, dizziness, mild tachycardia, infections, headache, dyspepsia, pruritus, and erythema at the injection site have also been reported.

Ina Beristain emphasizes that these medications are sold with a prescription and can only be refilled on occasions determined by the treating physician.

Self-medication or the indiscriminate use of these products represents a significant health risk.

"The use of these medications in people without a clear medical diagnosis could cause stress and overload on vital organs such as the liver, pancreas, or kidneys, leading to damage or failure of these tissues."

She warns that these drugs are promoted on social media and other platforms for short-term weight loss, which increases the risk of adverse reactions and even death.

The nutritionist emphasizes that it is essential that both the assessment and the prescription and supervision of the drugs be carried out by a specialist physician.— IRIS CEBALLOS ALVARADO