What does it mean when someone speaks badly of everyone, according to psychology?

In all walks of life, whether in the family, at work, in social circles, or even online, it's common to encounter people who constantly and negatively criticize those around them . What does psychology say about these behaviors?

This type of behavior doesn't distinguish contexts or hierarchies: it can appear in any environment and affect collective dynamics, generating tension, mistrust, or discomfort. The truth is that although it often goes unnoticed as a simple "opinion" or a trait of identity, this habit can have a significant impact on the emotional environment and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, identifying these attitudes and understanding what they reveal on a psychological level is key to knowing how to manage them and protect our emotional well-being.

A study from Miguel Hernández University in Elche warns that exposure to this type of behavior is not only emotionally exhausting, but can even affect physical health, causing discomfort and increasing stress levels.

(READ MORE: Which soccer team is most hated by Colombians, according to AI? )

This style of speaking, focused on destructive judgment without offering solutions, is often linked to low self-esteem and defense mechanisms such as projection, in which faults that actually lie within the critic are attributed to others. Other research shows that constant verbal aggression tends to undermine the self-esteem and confidence of those around them, generating a cumulative effect of hostility and increasing the isolation of the person being criticized.

Likewise, studies on gossip indicate that when the exchange of information becomes negative or malicious, it erodes trust, hinders cooperation, and creates toxic environments. It's important to note, in this context, that occupational psychology warns that destructive gossip in the workplace reduces morale, productivity, and a sense of belonging.

(READ MORE: These are the 3 most 'rude' cities in Colombia, according to a recent survey)

Breaking the cycle: How to protect yourself?

As the specialized portal Mejor con Salud points out, psychologists recommend acting on three levels to confront people who are known for speaking ill of everyone:

1) Set emotional boundaries : Stay away from negative comments and focus on self-care, avoiding absorbing that negativity.

2) Encourage constructive conversations: shift the focus from criticism to solutions, promoting healthier attitudes among the group.

3) Strengthen personal self-esteem : Research from the University of Costa Rica highlights that good self-esteem acts as a shield against verbal attacks.

​