From getting wet? From the dew? This is the truth about how you can get the flu.

The flu is medically known as influenza, and is a viral infection caused by specific viruses that affect the respiratory system, specifically the nose, throat , and in some cases, the lungs , according to the Mayo Clinic.

Influenza viruses are highly contagious and spread easily between people through droplets expelled when coughing, sneezing, or talking . Although it is usually a self-limiting illness, in some cases it can lead to serious complications, especially in people with weakened immune systems, according to the WHO (World Health Organization).

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This disease (which affects infants, children, and adults) develops after the virus enters the body , usually through the nasal mucosa, throat, or eyes . Once inside, the virus attaches to cells in the respiratory system and begins to replicate rapidly.

This process generates an immune system response, which includes fever, inflammation, and the production of specific antibodies to fight the virus, according to Medline Plus. These typical symptoms— such as fever, nasal congestion, muscle aches, and cough —are actually signs that the body is fighting the infection.

One of the main factors determining the development of the flu is the time of year, as climatic conditions allow this type of illness to proliferate.

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In temperate regions, influenza is most common during the fall and winter, when cold, dry air makes it easier for the virus to survive, according to the CDC . In tropical climates, influenza incidence may occur during the rainy season or more consistently throughout the year. The reason behind this seasonal pattern has to do with the virus's stability and the tendency for people to gather indoors during cold weather , which facilitates transmission, the WHO notes.

Additionally, according to the MSD Manual, the state of the immune system (i.e., the defense system) is another determining factor. This is because people with weakened immune systems—due to chronic illness, advanced age, or nutritional deficiencies —are more likely to develop the flu and experience more severe symptoms. See more: Extreme heat will intensify and climate events will increase in the next 5 years.

A similar situation exists for young children, who have not yet developed full immunity to influenza viruses and tend to be more susceptible.

Atmosphere

Environmental conditions also play an important role. Air pollution, tobacco smoke, and exposure to poorly ventilated, closed environments can irritate the respiratory tract and increase vulnerability to infection. Furthermore, lack of sleep and chronic stress are factors that can negatively affect the immune response, increasing the risk of illness. See more: Reasons why the Facebook owner thinks college isn't worth it.

Another key aspect is the genetic variability of influenza viruses. This is because these viruses have the ability to mutate rapidly, giving rise to new strains that can evade immunity acquired through previous infections or vaccination, according to the CDC. For this reason, the influenza vaccine is updated each year to include the strains most likely to circulate during the season.

Thus, vaccination is a key element in prevention, the WHO points out. Although the vaccine does not guarantee complete protection, it significantly reduces the risk of getting sick and developing serious complications. Adopting hygiene measures, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick people, are also effective strategies for slowing the spread of the virus.

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